August 2022 Volume 4

MAINTENANCE

There are three essentials you need to know when it comes to making modifications or adding new equipment to your plant: design considerations, construction considerations and techniques, and economic considerations. Giving each of these their due diligence and consideration will increase the chances of a successful project. Designing and Building a Foundation for Processing Equipment By James Raffin

If you're considering major plant modifications now or in the future, you need to understand how heavy industrial equipment foundations are designed and constructed. Belowwe discuss what to expect during this process, the unique challenges and considerations owners face, and how to avoid pitfalls. Design Considerations Your design process should set you up for success in future phases of work. A good design engineer will have soil borings and a geotechnical report done. These will test to make sure that soil properties such as the bearing pressure, cohesiveness of the soil, water table, and any soil contaminants are well understood. Next, examine your current building conditions including the location and depth of existing interior foundations, exterior perimeter foundations, crane runway foundations and bracing, the height of the building, and the location of utilities. It helps to have good original drawings and drawings of any subsequent projects completed in the proximity of the new equipment. The designer will use manufacturer information to make sure the foundation is designed to support all possible equipment load scenarios. These include static and dynamic loads, and any other factors that would impact the total load (i.e., nearby equipment, overhead crane loads, etc.). The foundation will be designed based on the exact geometrical dimensions needed to fit the equipment onto or into the foundation, usually provided by the manufacturer. The scrap system, feed system, and exit handling will also impact these requirements and need to be taken into consideration. The pit requirements, its width, length, and depth, will mainly depend on the equipment and type of material processed. Once depth is determined, the soils, water, and depth of bedrock will need to be examined to determine the load capacity of the soils relative to your foundation size. Also, any and what type of waterproofing system is required (such as integral concrete waterproofing, waterstop at joints, or an exterior membrane system) is considered at this point. How power is fed to the equipment, other controls, and any hydraulic piping raceways must be part of the foundation design. Additionally, certain items must be embedded in the foundation, such as equipment bearing items (steel frames, beams, etc.), rails,

anchor bolts, isolators, or other items required by the owner or manufacturer. It’s essential that all of these are incorporated during the design phase of your project. Construction Considerations and Techniques After the design phase is complete, construction can begin. First, a project schedule will be determined, which is often contingent upon the new (or used) equipment delivery date. Shutdowns, holidays, seasonal considerations, lead time for construction materials (such as specialty construction equipment, embedded steel, and rebar), and even the water table level will impact the project timeline. Safety is always top priority, and everyone working in the plant must understand and adhere to safety procedures such as the lockout tagout, areas where fork truck traffic will be, when hot work permits are needed, and separation and isolation of the work area. Construction crews’ access to the work area will affect how quickly work can get done. Crews will require adequate overhead door, aisleway, loading dock, and at-grade access and will need to consider the proximity of existing active equipment and production lines, including access to existing overhead cranes. Crews will work around and within the existing building foundations, overhead clearance, and underground utilities. During construction, the earth retention system, dewatering techniques, and excavation techniques used to build the pit will affect your overall cost and project timeline. Steel sheeting and soldier pile and lagging are earth retention systems that each have their own application depending on soil conditions.They come with their own separate costs and are dictated by multiple factors. Well points or sumps can be used to dewater the pit if needed. Various excavation techniques will also impact the final result and cost of the project. Finally, quality control measures must be taken such as onsite in place soil bearing capacity testing, concrete testing, construction documentation, and adequate photo/video documentation, to prevent avoidable call-backs after the job is completed. Reputable contractors are known for their quality of construction based on previously successfully completed projects.

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