May 2022 Volume 4

FORGING RESEARCH

[3]. The hardened and tempered baseline ultimate tensile strength is higher than the WAAM as-built compressive strength, thus the future study must involve heat treatment of the WAAM as-built parts. There is no significant difference in WAAM as-built high temperature strength in horizontal and vertical extracted specimen. Future plan: A proper heat treatment design and study of as printed WAAM 410 structure is anticipated in the near future. Microstructure analysis will be performed to evaluate the drastic difference in compressive strength at 600 °C and 500 °C. In-situmicro-alloying of Aluminum, Vanadium and Ti-6-Al-4V powder during the printing process of WAAMmay improve the strength of 410 alloy, thus this area needs to be explored.

Student Involvement: Alex Reichenbach and Marcus Perez Alexander Reichenbach is a graduate student pursuing Master’s degree in mechanical engineering and Marcus Perez is an undergraduate student recently graduated from Georgia Southern University. Alexander Reichenbach is planning to graduate in Spring 2022. They learned about forging dies and tooling material, how they are manufactured and how the selection of the manufacturing process affects the material performance and cost in one of the undergraduate courses. Within this project timeframe, they were trained and educated on Industrial Robots and automation (integrated in wire-arc additive manufacturing) and sample preparation for compression testing. Alex contributed and prepared the draft progress report. 1. Roy, S., Silwal, B., Nycz, A., Noakes, M., Cakmak, E., Nandwana, P., & Yamamoto, Y. (2021). Investigating the effect of different shielding gas mixtures on microstructure and mechanical properties of 410 stainless steel fabricated via large scale additive manufacturing. Additive Manufacturing, 38, 101821. 2. Wang, M., Li, W., Wu, Y., Li, S., Cai, C., Wen, S., ... & Chen, Z. (2019). High-temperature properties and microstructural stability of the AISI H13 hot-work tool steel processed by selective laser melting. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 50(1), 531-542. 3. ht t ps : / /www.carpent er t echnol og y.com/hubf s /7407324/ Material%20Saftey%20Data%20Sheets/410.pdf

2500

V_UCS H_UCS

V_YS H_YS CarTech UTS* CarTech UTS annealed**

2000

1500

1000

500

Strength (compresssion), MPa

0

0

200

400

600

800

Test temperature, ° C

Figure 5: Compression test results performed at 400, 500 and 600 °C. H and V stands for sample extraction directions; horizontal and vertical; * conventionally manufacture baseline 410 ultimate tensile strength hardened 954 °C, tempered 1 hour 28 °C above test temperature, **ultimate tensile strength- annealed condition [3] Figure 5: Compression test results performed at 400, 500 and 600 °C. H and V stands for sample extraction directions; horizontal and vertical; * conventionally manufacture baseline 410 ultimate tensile strength hardened 954 °C, tempered 1 hour 28 °C above test temperature, **ultimate tensile strength- annealed condition [3] Student Involvement: Alex Reichenbach and Marcus Perez Alexander Reichenbach is a graduate stu ent pursuing Master’ s degree in mechanical engineering and Marcus Perez is an undergraduate student recently graduated from Georgia Southern University. Alexander Reichenbach is planning to graduate in Spring 2022. They learned about forging dies and tooling material, how they are manufactured and how the selection of the manufacturing process affects the material performance and cost in one of the undergraduate courses. Within this project timeframe, they were trained and educated on Industrial Robots and automation (integrated in wire-arc additive manufacturing) and sample preparation for compression testing. Alex contributed and prepared the draft progress report.

FIA MAGAZINE | MAY 2022 76