November 2020 Volume 2

FORGING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

References 1. Cser L, Geiger M, Lange K, Hansel M, (1993). Tool life and tool quality in bulk metal forming, IMechE , Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs Vol 207, pp 223 - 237 2. Altan T, Ngaile G, and Shen G, (2004). Cold and hot forging, fundamentals and applications, ASM International, Materials Park OH, pp 311-316 3. Behrens B-A, Bouguecha A, Luken I, Mielke J, Bistron M., (2014). Tribology in hot forging. Compr Mater Process 2014; 5: 211–34. 4. Hawryluk M, (2016). Review of selected methods of increasing the life of forging tools in hot die forging processes, Archives of civil and mechanical engineering 16 PP 845-866 5. Podgornik B, Hogmark S, Sandberg O, (2006). Proper coating selection for improved galling performance of forming tool steel. Wear; 261:15–21. 6. Dubar M, Dubar L, Dubois A., (2005).Wear analysis of tools in cold forging: PVD versus CVD TiN coatings. Wear; 259: 1109–16. 7. Geiger M, Popp U, Engel U, (2002). Excimer Laser Micro Texturing of Cold Forging Tool Surfaces - Influence on Tool Life, CIRP Annals Volume 51, Issue 1, Pages 231-234 8. Dobrzański L.A, Labisz K, Klimpel A, (2003). Effect of laser alloying on thermal fatigue and mechanical properties of the 32CrMoV12-20 steel, Achiev Mater Manuf EngVolume 19, Issue 1, Pages 83-90 9. Bay N, State of the art in cold forging lubrication. J Mater Process Technol1994; 46:19–40. 10. Ngaile G, Cochran J, Stark D., (2007). Formulation of polymer-based lubricant for metal forming. Proc. IMechE, B: J Eng. Manuf.; 221: 559–68. 11. Sagisaka Y, Nakamura T, Hayakawa K, Ishibashi I,. (2013). Evaluation of environmentally friendly lubricant for aluminum cold forging using friction test based on spline extrusion. J Manuf Processes; 15(1):96–101. 12. Gariety M, Ngaile G, Altan T., (2007). Evaluation of new cold forging lubricants without zinc phosphate pre-coat. Int. Journal Machine Tools Manufacturing; 47(3–4):673–81. 13. Bay N, Azushima A, Groche P, Ishibashi I, Merklein M, Morishita M, Nakamura T, Schmid S, Yoshida, M. (2010). Environmentally benign tribo-systems for metal forming. CIRP Ann: Manufacturing Technology 59 (2):760–80. 14. Wan S, Kiet Tieu A, Xia Y, Zhu H, Cui S, (2016). An overview of inorganic polymer as potential lubricant additive for high temperature tribology. Tribology International, 102, 620–635. 15. Zhang, J., Thompson, A. and Doyle, E. D. (1991) Tool life management using PVD-TiN coated cold forming tools. Plenary Meeting of ICFG, Bath, UK. 16. Jin N, Yang Y, Luo X, Xia Z. (2013) Development of CVD Ti containing films. Prog Mater Sci 58 (8) pp 490–533

17. Gronostajski, Z. Kaszuba, M. Polak, S. Zwierzchowski, M. Niechajowicz, A,Hawryluk ,M. (2016)The failuremechanisms of hot forging dies, Materials science and engineering A 657 pp 147-160 18. Leskovsek, V. Podgornik, B. Jenko, M. (2009) A PACVD duplex coating for hot-forging applications, Wear 266, pp 453 460 19. Hawryluk, M. Gronostajski, Z. Widomski, P. Kaszuba, M. Smolik J., (2018), Influence of the application of a PN+Cr/CrN hybrid layer on the improvement of the lifetime of hot forging tools, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol 258, pp 226-238 20. Groenbaek, J., Birker, T., Innovation in cold forging die design, Journal of materials processing technologies, 98(2000) 155-161 21. Vazquez, V., Hannan, D., Taylan, T., Tool life in cold forging an example of design improvement to increase service life, Journal of materials processing technology, 98(2000) 90-96 22. R. Shivpuri, S. Babu and S.L. Semiatin, (2005) ASM Handbook, Volume 14A, Metalworking: Bulk Forming, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, USA , pp. 62-83 23. E. Virtanen, C.J. VanTyne, B.S. Levy, G. Brada,The tempering parameter for evaluating softening of hot and warm forging die steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 213, Issue 8, August 2013, Pages 1364-1369. 24. Ku T.W, Kim L. Ho, Kang B.S, (2013). Multi-stage cold forging and experimental investigation for the outer race of constant velocity joints, Materials &Design, V49, pp 368-385 25. Rodriguez D. S, Ngaile G. Enhancing of tool life by manipulating the die elastic strain field during forging, FIERF Progress Report No. F/MAE/NG/-2020-01, Feb 2020, pp 1-130 ■ Gracious Ngaile North Carolina State University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering gngaile@ncsu.edu

FIA MAGAZINE | NOVEMBER 2020 42