November 2023 Volume 5

FORGING RESEARCH

Conclusion The Robotic DED process was used to successfully print the preform tuning forks that vibrate at two different frequencies. The following conclusions can be drawn from the experimental outcomes. • The 20 % work hardening due to manual forging does close the gap between the weld beads and provides an approximation to the required dimension. • A high Rockwell hardness was measured after forging compared to the ‘as-deposited’ and heat-treated structure. • The optical and SEM microstructure reveals the change in grain morphology and phase formation after heat treatment and forging. The formation of bainitic microstructure may correlate to the higher hardness. Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. James Walker for helping with the manual forging.

References [1.] C. Hopper et al., “The effects of hot forging on the preform additive manufactured 316 stainless steel parts,” Micron, vol. 143, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103026. [2.] T. Maredla, B. Chaganty, S. Solomon Bobby, S. K. Sahoo, and C. Vanitha, “Effect of Cold Rolling on the Microstructure and Texture of Selective Laser Melting Built Fe-Ni-Cr Steel,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11665-023-08364-9. [3.] B. Shassere, A. Nycz, M. Noakes, C. Masuo, and N. Sridharan, “Correlation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing,” Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 4, p. 787, 2019, doi: 10.3390/app9040787.

Do you think you have what it takes to forge the strongest Halligan Bar? Join the 2024 Forging Competition challenge to creatively design and forge a functioning version of a Halligan bar – a multipurpose tool used by firefighters to gain access to building spaces, vehicles, and for a multitude of other emergency uses.

April 25, 2024 Milwaukee, WI

Schedule of Events: Friday, December 1, 2023

Proposed teams, and preliminary plan due. Project video, technical report, and Halligan Bar due. Performance testing and awards in Milwaukee, WI.

Designed by and named for New York City Fire Department First Deputy Chief Hugh Halligan in 1948, the Halligan consists of a bar with claw or fork, a blade (wedge or adze), and a tapered pick. Some feature a sliding weight for hammering the bar into a gap to facilitate prying. Team Registration: For more information on the FIERF Forging Competition, please contact Amanda Dureiko at 216-781-6260 or amanda@forging.org.

Friday, March 29, 2024

Thursday, April 25, 2024

FIA MAGAZINE | NOVEMBER 2023 85