February 2021 Volume 3

FORGING RESEARCH

Retaining the fine particles formed during rapid solidification is essential to the performance of these alloys at high-temperature. Consolidation of these powders to a bulk form must be conducted via a solid-state process at relatively low temperatures to retain the second phase particles. Previous research on aluminum alloys with transition metals has been conducted primarily on melt spun ribbons [32,33], and rapidly solidified powders consolidated through extrusion [34]. Further work at Colorado School of Mines seeks to further investigate Al-TM alloy microstructures produced by rapidly solidified powder consolidated through extrusion, AFSD, The authors would like to thank Saumyadeep Jana and Jens Darsell at PNNL for their work on powder consolidation. Additional thanks toWayne Daye for technical information and project support. References [1] A.P. Mouritz, Introduction to aerospace materials , Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, England ;, 2012. [2] J. Rowe, Introduction: advanced materials and vehicle lightweighting, in: Adv. Mater. Automot. Eng., Elsevier, 2012: pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095466.1. [3] Vision of the Future Technology Initiative, Forg. Ind. Assoc. (1998). https://www.forging.org/ producers-and-suppl iers/technology/vision-of-the future#Competitiveness. [4] J.D. Cotton, M.J. Kaufman, Microstructural evolution in rapidly solidified Al-Fe alloys: An alternative explanation, Metall. Trans. A. 22 (1991) 927–934. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF02659002. [5] W.K. Daye, T.W.. Pelletiers II, PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT OF NEW GENERATION PM ALUMINUMMATERIALSVIA Innovative Processing, Int. J. Powder Metall. 54 (2018). [6] S. Huo, W. Daye, F. Wolf, D.- Fürth, E. Wolfsgruber, New Generation PM Al-Materials for Automotive Applications, in: Eur. PM Conf. Proc., Shrewsbury: The European Powder Metallurgy Association, 2014. [7] M. Galano, F. Audebert, A.G. Escorial, I.C. Stone, B. Cantor, Nanoquasicrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-based alloys. Part II. Mechanical properties, Acta Mater. 57 (2009) 5120– 5130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.07.009. [8] E. Lavernia, G. Rai, N.J. Grant, Rapid solidification processing of 7XXX aluminium alloys: A review, Mater. Sci. Eng. 79 (1986) 211–221. https://doi.org/https://doi. org/10.1016/0025-5416(86)90406-4. [9] A.V. Krainikov, O.D. Neikov, RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED HIGH-TEMPERATURE Aluminum Alloys. I. Structure, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram. 51 (2012) 399– 411. and friction extrusion. Acknowledgements

[10] W.B. James, Powder Metallurgy Methods and Applications, Powder Metall. 7 (2015) 0. https://doi. org/10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006022. [11] P. Samal, J. Newkirk, eds., Extrusion of Metal Powders, Powder Metall. 7 (2015) 0. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm. hb.v07.a0006085. [12] S.A. Whalen, M. Olszta, C. Roach, J. Darsell, D. Graff, T. Roosendaal, W. Daye, T. Pelletiers, S. Mathaudhu, N. Overman, High ductility aluminum alloy made from powder by friction extrusion, Materialia. 6 (2019). https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100260. [13] G. Ingarao, D. Baffari, E. Bracquene, L. Fratini, J. Duflou, Energy Demand Reduction Of Aluminum Alloys Recycling Through Friction Stir Extrusion Processes Implementation, Procedia Manuf. 33 (2019) 632–638. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j. promfg.2019.04.079. [14] H.Z. Yu,M.E. Jones,G.W. Brady, R.J.Griffiths,D.Garcia, H.A. Rauch, C.D. Cox, N. Hardwick, Non-beam-based metal additive manufacturing enabled by additive friction stir deposition, Scr. Mater. 153 (2018) 122–130. https:// doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.03.025. [15] H.Z. Yu, M.E. Jones, G.W. Brady, R.J. Grif, D. Garcia, H.A. Rauch, C.D. Cox, N. Hardwick, Non-beam-based metal additive manufacturing enabled by additive friction stir deposition, Scr. Mater. 153 (2018) 122–131. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.03.025. [16] N.R. Overman, S.A. Whalen, M.E. Bowden, M.J. Olszta, K. Kruska, T. Clark, E.L. Stevens, J.T. Darsell, V. V Joshi, X. Jiang, K.F.Mattlin, S.N.Mathaudhu,Homogenization and texture development in rapidly solidi fi ed AZ91E consolidated by Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion ( ShAPE ), Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 701 (2017) 56–68. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.06.062. [17] A.A. Van Der Stelt, T.C. Bor, H.J.M. Geijselaers, R. Akkerman, J. Huétink, Free surface modeling of contacting solid metal flows employing the ALE formulation, in: Key Eng. Mater., Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2012: pp. 431–436. https://doi.org/10.4028/www. scientific.net/KEM.504-506.431. [18] A.A. Van Der Stelt, T.C. Bor, H.J.M. Geijselaers, R. Akkerman, A.H. van den Boogaard, Cladding of Advanced Al Alloys Employing Friction Stir Welding, Key Eng. Mater. 554–557 (2013) 1014–1021. [19] S. Liu, T.C. Bor, A.A. Van der Stelt, H.J.M. Geijselaers, C. Kwakernaak, A.M. Kooijman, J.M.C. Mol, R. Akkerman, A.H. van den Boogaard, Friction surface cladding: An exploratory study of a new solid state cladding process, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 229 (2016) 769–784. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.10.029.

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